List of largest cities
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The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.
Definitions
City proper (administrative)
A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known as city proper. UNICEF defines city proper as, "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government.[1][2][3] Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.[4]
The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[4] Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly from the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the core urban area into suburban and rural areas.[5] The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which is the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are agricultural workers living in a rural setting.[6][7]
Urban area
A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF defines urban area as follows:
The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).
According to Demographia, an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land.[8]
Metropolitan area
A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, or labour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows:
A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).
In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB).[9] In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), which manages Manila metropolitan area.[10] Similar agencies exist in Indonesia, such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area.[11]
List
There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2024 estimates by the United Nations. The UN figures include a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area.[12]
City[a] | Country | UN 2024 population estimates[b] | City proper[c] | Urban area[8] | Metropolitan area[d] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definition | Population | Area (km2) |
Density (/km2) |
Population | Area (km2) |
Density (/km2) |
Population | Area (km2) |
Density (/km2) | |||
Tokyo | Japan | 37,468,000 | Metropolis prefecture | 13,515,271 | 2,191 | 6,169 [13] |
37,732,000 | 8,231 | 4,584 [e] |
37,274,000 | 13,452 | 2,771 [14] |
Delhi | India | 33,807,400 | Municipal corporation | 16,753,235 | 1,484 | 11,289 [15] |
32,226,000 | 2,344 | 13,748 [f] |
29,000,000 | 3,483 | 8,326 [16] |
Jakarta | Indonesia | 33,517,000 | Special region | 10,154,134 | 664 | 15,292 [17] |
33,756,000 | 3,546 | 9,519 [g] |
33,430,285 | 7,063 | 4,733 [18] |
Chongqing | China | 32,838,000 | Municipality | 32,054,159 | 82,403 | 389 [19][20] |
12,135,000 | 1,580 | 7,680 | — | — | — |
Shanghai | China | 29,867,900 | Municipality | 24,870,895 | 6,341 | 3,922 [21][20] |
24,073,000 | 4,333 | 5,556 [h] |
— | — | — |
Guangzhou | China | 26,638,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 18,676,605 | 7,434 | 2,512 [21] |
26,940,000 | 4,535 | 5,940 [i] |
— | — | — |
Manila | Philippines | 25,482,000 | Capital city | 1,780,148 | 43 | 41,399 [22] |
24,922,000 | 1,911 | 13,041 [j] |
12,877,253 | 620 | 20,770 [22] |
Seoul | South Korea | 24,963,000 | Special city | 10,013,781 | 605 | 16,552 [23] |
23,016,000 | 2,769 | 8,312 | 25,514,000 | 11,704 | 2,180 [23] |
Dhaka | Bangladesh | 23,935,700 | Capital city | 10,295,407 | 338 | 30,460 [24][25] |
18,627,000 | 619 | 30,092 | 14,543,124 [26] |
— | — |
New York City | United States | 23,100,000 | City | 8,804,190 | 778 | 11,316 [27] |
21,509,000 | 12,093 | 1,779 [k] |
MSA: 19,557,311; CSA: 23,143,097 [28] | 12,093 | 1,665 |
São Paulo | Brazil | 22,806,700 | Municipality | 12,252,023 | 1,521 | 8,055 [29] |
23,086,000 | 3,649 | 6,327 [l] |
21,734,682 | 7,947 | 2,735 [30] |
Cairo | Egypt | 22,623,900 | Urban governorate | 10,044,894 | 3,085 | 3,256 [31] |
20,296,000 | 2,010 | 10,098 | — | — | — |
Mexico City | Mexico | 22,505,300 | City-state | 9,209,944 | 1,485 | 6,202 [32] |
21,804,000 | 2,530 | 8,618 | 21,804,515 | 7,866 | 2,772 [33] |
Beijing | China | 22,189,100 | Municipality | 21,893,095 | 16,411 | 1,334 [21][20] |
18,522,000 | 4,284 | 4,324 | — | — | — |
Mumbai | India | 21,673,100 | Municipal corporation | 12,478,447 | 603 | 20,694 [34] |
24,973,000 | 976 | 25,587 [m] |
23,598,000 | 6,328 | 3,729 [35] |
Lagos | Nigeria | 21,463,000 | Metropolitan city | — | — | — | 16,637,000 | 1,966 | 8,462 | 21,000,000 | 1,171 | 17,933 [36] |
Chengdu | China | 20,813,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 20,937,757 | 14,378 | 1,456 [21] |
20,937,757 | 1,935 | 10,821 | — | — | — |
Karachi | Pakistan | 20,400,000 | Metropolitan city | 20,382,881 | 3,530 | 5,774 [37][38] |
15,738,000 | 1,124 | 14,002 | 20,382,000 | 3,780 | 5,392 [39][40] |
Osaka | Japan | 19,281,000 | Designated city | 2,725,006 | 225 | 12,111 [13] |
15,126,000 | 3,020 | 5,009 [n] |
19,303,000 | 13,228 | 1,459 [14] |
Tehran | Iran | 16,896,000 | Capital city | 9,616,003 | 751 | 12,804 [41][42] |
14,148,000 | 1,704 | 8,303 | — | — | — |
Shenzhen | China | 16,808,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 17,494,398 | 2,050 | 8,534 [21] |
17,619,000 | 1,803 | 9,772 | — | — | — |
Moscow | Russia | 16,510,000 | Federal city | 13,200,000 | 2,511 | 5,257 [43][44] |
17,332,000 | 6,154 | 2,816 | 20,004,462 [45] |
— | — |
Buenos Aires | Argentina | 16,467,000 | Autonomous city | 3,054,300 | 203 | 15,046 [46] |
16,710,000 | 3,437 | 4,862 | 12,806,866 [47] |
— | — |
Istanbul | Turkey | 16,047,400 | Metropolitan municipality | 15,519,267 | 5,196 | 2,987 [48] |
14,441,000 | 1,471 | 9,817 | — | — | — |
Los Angeles | United States | 15,458,000 | City | 3,990,456 | 1,214 | 3,287 [27] |
15,204,000 | 6,351 | 2,394 | MSA: 13,291,486; CSA: 18,372,485 [49] |
12,559 | 1,058 |
Kolkata | India | 15,333,000 | Municipal corporation | 4,496,694 | 206 | 21,829 [50] |
21,747,000 | 1,352 | 16,085 | 15,333,000 | 1,887 | 8,126 [51] |
Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam | 15,145,000 | Municipality | 7,431,000 | 2,061 | 3,606 [52] |
15,136,000 | 2,165 | 6,991 | — | — | — |
London | United Kingdom | 14,372,546 | Capital city | 8,825,001 | 1,572 | 5,614 [53] |
11,262,000 | 1,738 | 6,480 | 14,372,596 [54] |
8,382 | 1,715 |
Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | 13,293,000 | Municipality | 6,520,000 | 1,221 | 5,340 [55] |
12,592,000 | 2,020 | 6,234 | 12,644,321 | 5,327 | 2,374 [56] |
Tianjin | China | 13,215,000 | Municipality | 13,866,009 | 11,920 | 1,163 [21][20] |
10,368,000 | 2,813 | 3,686 | — | — | — |
Kinshasa | DR Congo | 13,171,000 | City-province | 17,071,000 | 9,965 | 1,713 [57] |
12,836,000 | 474 | 27,080 | — | — | — |
Lahore | Pakistan | 11,738,000 | Metropolitan city | 13,004,135 | 1,772 | 7,339 [58] |
12,306,000 | 945 | 13,022 | — | — | — |
Bangalore | India | 11,440,000 | Municipal corporation | 8,443,675 | 709 | 11,909 [59] |
15,386,000 | 1,401 | 10,982 | — | — | — |
Paris | France | 10,901,000 | Commune | 2,148,271 | 105 | 20,460 [60] |
11,060,000 | 2,853 | 3,877 | 12,244,807 | 18,941 | 646 |
Bogotá | Colombia | 10,574,000 | Capital District | 7,963,000 | 1,587 | 5,018 [61] |
10,085,000 | 562 | 17,945 | 12,545,272 | 5,934 | 2,114 [62] |
Chennai | India | 10,456,000 | Municipal corporation | 6,727,000 | 426 | 15,791 [63][64] |
12,395,000 | 1,085 | 11,424 | 11,564,000 | 2,280 | 5,072 [65] |
Lima | Peru | 10,391,000 | Metropolitan municipality | 8,894,000 | 2,672 | 3,329 [66] |
10,320,000 | 891 | 11,582 | 9,569,468 | 2,819 | 3,395 [67] |
Bangkok | Thailand | 10,156,000 | Special administrative area | 8,305,218 | 1,569 | 5,293 [68] |
18,007,000 | 3,199 | 5,629 | 16,255,900 | 7,762 | 2,094 [69] |
Nagoya | Japan | 9,507,000 | Designated city | 2,320,361 | 326 | 7,118 [13] |
9,197,000 | 3,704 | 2,483 | 9,363,000 | 7,271 | 1,288 [14] |
Hyderabad | India | 9,482,000 | Municipal corporation | 6,993,262 | 650 | 10,759 [70][71] |
10,494,000 | 1,404 | 7,474 | — | — | — |
Chicago | United States | 8,864,000 | City | 2,746,388 | 589 | 4,663 [27] |
9,057,000 | 7,006 | 1,293 | MSA: 9,618,502; CSA: 9,806,184 [72] |
18,640 | 516 |
Nanjing | China | 8,245,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 9,314,685 | 6,582 | 1,415 [21] |
8,422,000 | 1,614 | 5,218 | — | — | — |
Wuhan | China | 8,176,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 12,447,718 | 8,494 | 1,465 [21] |
12,447,718 | 1,722 | 7,229 | — | — | — |
Luanda | Angola | 7,774,000 | Municipality | 2,165,867 | 116 | 18,671 [73] |
9,051,000 | 1,005 | 9,006 | — | — | — |
Ahmedabad | India | 7,681,000 | Municipal corporation | 5,570,585 | 464 | 12,006 [74] |
8,009,000 | 404 | 19,824 | 6,300,000 [75] |
— | — |
Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | 7,564,000 | City | 1,768,000 | 243 | 7,276 [76] |
8,911,000 | 2,163 | 4,120 | 7,200,000 | 2,793 | 2,578 [77] |
Xi'an | China | 7,444,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 12,183,280 | 10,135 | 1,202 [21] |
12,328,000 | 1,826 | 6,751 | — | — | — |
Hong Kong | Hong Kong | 7,429,000 | Special administrative region | 7,298,600 | 1,104 | 6,611 [78][79] |
7,450,000 | 290 | 25,690 | — | — | — |
Dongguan | China | 7,360,000 | Prefecture-level city | 10,466,625 | 2,465 | 4,246 [21] |
10,646,000 | 1,759 | 6,052 | — | — | — |
Hangzhou | China | 7,236,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 11,936,010 | 16,596 | 719 [21] |
9,523,000 | 1,344 | 7,086 | — | — | — |
Foshan | China | 7,236,000 | Prefecture-level city | 9,498,863 | 3,848 | 2,469 [21] |
— [o] |
— | — | — | — | — |
Shenyang | China | 6,921,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 8,294,000 | 12,980 | 639 [21] |
7,964,000 | 1,551 | 5,135 [p] |
— | — | — |
Riyadh | Saudi Arabia | 6,907,000 | Municipality | 6,694,000 | 1,913 | 3,499 [80] |
7,237,000 | 1,673 | 4,326 | — | — | — |
Baghdad | Iraq | 6,812,000 | Urban governorate | 8,126,755 | 5,200 | 1,563 [81] |
6,183,000 | 694 | 8,909 | — | — | — |
Santiago | Chile | 6,680,000 | City (commune) | 236,453 | 22 | 10,748 [82] |
7,171,000 | 1,147 | 6,252 | 7,112,808 | 15,403 | 462 [83] |
Surat | India | 6,564,000 | Municipal corporation | 4,466,826 | 327 | 13,660 [84] |
6,538,000 | 238 | 27,471 | — | — | — |
Madrid | Spain | 6,497,000 | Municipality | 3,266,126 | 606 | 5,390 [85] |
6,211,000 | 1,365 | 4,550 | 6,641,649 | — | — |
Suzhou | China | 6,339,000 | Prefecture-level city | 12,748,262 | 8,488 | 1,502 [21] |
6,031,000 | 1,386 | 4,351 | — | — | — |
Pune | India | 6,276,000 | Municipal corporation | 3,124,458 | 485 | 6,447 [86] |
8,231,000 | 650 | 12,663 | 7,276,000 | 7,256 | 1,003 [87] |
Harbin | China | 6,115,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 10,635,971 | 53,068 | 200 [21] |
3,830,000 | 671 | 5,708 | — | — | — |
Houston | United States | 6,115,000 | City | 2,325,502 | 1,553 | 1,497 [27] |
6,500,000 | 4,931 | 1,318 | 6,997,384 | 21,395 | 327 [88] |
Dallas | United States | 6,099,000 | City | 1,345,047 | 882 | 1,525 [27] |
6,950,000 | 5,278 | 1,317 [q] |
7,470,158 | 22,463 | 333 [89] |
Toronto | Canada | 6,082,000 | City | 2,731,571 | 630 | 4,336 [90][91] |
6,771,000 | 2,344 | 2,889 | 5,928,040 | 5,906 | 1,004 [92] |
Dar es Salaam | Tanzania | 6,048,000 | City | 5,383,728 | 1,393 | 3,865 [93] |
7,962,000 | 961 | 8,285 | — | — | — |
Miami | United States | 6,036,000 | City | 470,914 | 93 | 5,069 [27] |
6,058,000 | 3,313 | 1,829 | 6,158,824 | 15,890 | 388 |
Belo Horizonte | Brazil | 5,972,000 | City | 2,502,557 | 331 | 7,563 | 5,328,000 | 1,287 | 4,140 | 5,156,217 | 9,459 | 545 |
Singapore | Singapore | 5,792,000 | Country | 5,638,700 | 726 | 7,770 | 5,983,000 | 523 | 11,440 | — | — | — |
Philadelphia | United States | 5,695,000 | Consolidated city-county | 1,526,006 | 370 | 4,129 | 5,799,000 | 5,429 | 1,068 | MSA: 6,096,120; CSA: 7,381,187 | — | — |
Atlanta | United States | 5,572,000 | City | 498,715 | 354 | 1,408 | 5,478,000 | 7,400 | 740 | 5,949,951 | 21,690 | 274 |
Fukuoka | Japan | 5,551,000 | Designated city | 1,588,924 | 343 | 4,627 | 2,286,000 | 505 | 4,527 | — | — | — |
Khartoum | Sudan | 5,534,000 | — | 1,410,858 [94] |
— | — | 7,869,000 | 1,031 | 7,632 | — | — | — |
Barcelona | Spain | 5,494,000 | Municipality | 1,620,343 | 101 | 15,980 [95] |
4,800,000 | 1,072 | 4,478 | 5,474,482 [96] |
— | — |
Johannesburg | South Africa | 5,486,000 | Metropolitan municipality | 4,803,262 | 1,643 | 2,924[97] | 14,586,000 | 4,040 | 3,610 [r] |
— | — | — |
Saint Petersburg | Russia | 5,383,000 | Federal city | 5,601,911 | 1,400 | 4,001[98] | 5,445,000 | 1,510 | 3,606 | — | — | — |
Qingdao | China | 5,381,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 10,071,722 | 11,229 | 897[99] | 6,229,000 | 1,759 | 3,541 | — | — | — |
Dalian | China | 5,300,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 7,450,785 | 13,742 | 542[100] | 4,135,000 | 1,044 | 3,961 | — | — | — |
Washington | United States | 5,207,000 | Federal district | 702,455 | 177 | 3,969 [27] |
7,631,000 | 5,501 | 1,387 [s] |
6,263,245 | 17,009 | 368 [101] |
Yangon | Myanmar | 5,157,000 | City | 4,728,524[102] | — | — | 6,874,000 | 666 | 10,321 | — | — | — |
Alexandria | Egypt | 5,086,000 | Urban governorate | 5,441,866 | 2,300 | 2,366[103] | 4,712,000 | 293 | 16,082 | — | — | — |
Jinan | China | 5,052,000 | City (sub-provincial) | 9,202,432 | 10,244 | 898 [21][20] |
4,017,000 | 932 | 4,310 | — | — | — |
Guadalajara | Mexico | 5,023,000 | Municipality | 1,385,621 | 151 | 9,176 [32] |
5,525,000 | 816 | 6,771 | 5,286,642 | 3,560 | 1,485 |
Gallery
-
Tokyo, Japan: 39.1 million people (urban area)
-
Jakarta, Indonesia: 34.5 million people (urban area)
-
Delhi, India: 32.2 million people (urban area)
-
Manila, Philippines: 28 million people (metropolitan area)
-
Seoul, South Korea: 26 million people (metropolitan area)
-
Shanghai, China: 24.8 million people (municipal area)
-
São Paulo, Brazil: 22 million people (metropolitan area)
-
Beijing, China: 21.9 million people (municipal area)
-
Mexico City, Mexico: 21.8 million people (metropolitan area)
-
Mumbai, India: 20.7 million people (metropolitan area)
-
Cairo, Egypt: 20.3 million people (urban area)
-
New York City, U.S.: 19.4 million people (urban area)
See also
- Historical urban community sizes
- List of largest cities throughout history
- List of cities with over one million inhabitants
- List of towns and cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants
- List of largest cities by area
Notes
- ^ For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
- ^ UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration.[12]
- ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
- ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
- ^ Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
- ^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
- ^ Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
- ^ Includes Taicang
- ^ Includes the city of Foshan.
- ^ The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
- ^ Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
- ^ Includes Francisco Morato
- ^ Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
- ^ Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
- ^ Included in Guangzhou
- ^ Includes the city of Fushun.
- ^ Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
- ^ Includes Pretoria
- ^ Includes the city of Baltimore.
References
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- ^ Demographic Yearbook 2005, Volume 57. United Nations. 2008. p. 241. ISBN 978-92-1-051099-8. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016.
- ^ a b World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision. United Nations. 2004. ISBN 92-1-151396-0. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ Alexander, Ruth (29 January 2012). "The world's biggest cities: How do you measure them?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
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- ^ Callahan, William A. (12 April 2015). China Dreams: 20 Visions of the Future. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190235239. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2020 – via Google Books.
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- ^ "Jabodetabekpunjur". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id. Ministry of Public Works and People's Housing. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
- ^ 2015年重庆常住人口3016.55万人 继续保持增长态势 [In 2015, Chongqing's resident population of 30,165,500 people continued to grow] (in Chinese). Chongqing News. 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "第七次全国人口普查公报(第三号)". www.stats.gov.cn.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "China: Administrative Division (Provinces and Prefectures) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". City Population. Archived from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
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- ^ a b "2016년 5월 행정자치부 주민등록 인구통계". 3 March 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
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